Which climate is characterized by cool summers and warm winters due to high specific heat of water?

The marine climate is defined by its cool summers and warm winters, which are heavily influenced by the presence of large bodies of water. Water has a high specific heat capacity, meaning it can absorb and retain heat more effectively than land. This property allows oceans and large lakes to moderate temperature fluctuations in nearby coastal areas, leading to milder conditions overall.

In a marine climate, during the summer, the water remains relatively cooler than the surrounding land, preventing extreme heat. In contrast, during the winter, the water retains heat and releases it slowly, which helps to keep coastal regions warmer than more inland locations that experience greater temperature variations. This results in the distinctly cool summer and warm winter characteristics of a marine climate.

Other climate types, such as tropical, continental, and desert climates, do not exhibit this same pattern of temperature moderation due to the influence of water bodies. Tropical climates are typically warm year-round, continental climates often feature greater temperature extremes between summer and winter, and desert climates are characterized by arid conditions and significant temperature variations, particularly between day and night.