Igneous rocks form from what process?

Igneous rocks are formed through the process of crystallization of molten magma or lava. When magma, which is found beneath the Earth's surface, rises to the surface and cools, it solidifies into igneous rock. If the cooling occurs beneath the surface, the resulting rock is termed intrusive igneous rock, while lava that cools on the surface forms extrusive igneous rock. The slow cooling of magma allows larger crystals to form, whereas rapid cooling of lava results in smaller crystals. This crystallization process is foundational to the formation of igneous rocks, distinguishing them from other types of rocks that come from different processes, such as sedimentation or evaporation.