As particle size increases, how does capillary action change?

As particle size increases, capillary action decreases inversely due to the relationship between particle size and surface area. Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of external forces. This phenomenon is largely influenced by the adhesion of liquid molecules to the surfaces of the particles and the cohesion among the liquid molecules themselves.

In finer particles, such as clay or silt, the larger surface area relative to volume allows for greater interaction between the liquid and the particle surfaces. This facilitates greater adhesion and consequently stronger capillary action. Conversely, as particles become larger, such as with sand or gravel, the surface area to volume ratio decreases. Larger particles create wider spaces that do not support capillary action as effectively since the adhesive forces become less pronounced compared to the gravitational forces acting on the liquid.

Thus, it is accurate to state that as particle size increases, the capillary action decreases inversely.